Transnistria's economy is frequently described as dependent on contraband[119] and gunrunning. [46], On 31 August 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR adopted Moldovan as the official language with Russian retained only for secondary purposes, returned Moldovan to the Latin alphabet, and declared a shared Moldovan-Romanian linguistic identity. This was announced by the so-called Ministry of Defense of the unrecognised republic. It is an. For more companies, head on over to 5 Biggest Private Jet Companies in the World. Mihai Grecu, Anatol ranu, Trupele Ruse n Republica Moldova (Culegere de documente i materiale). Walmart had about 2.3 million employees in 2022, the highest of all companies worldwide that year. Its capital city is Tiraspol. For Western European companies, Transnistria also became interesting as a textile producer offering low labor and production costs. According to the OSCE Mission to Moldova, of a total of 42,000 tons of ammunition stored in Transnistria, 1,153 tons (3%) was transported back to Russia in 2001, 2,405 tons (6%) in 2002 and 16,573 tons (39%) in 2003. The ethnic composition of the region has been unstable in recent history, with the most notable change being the decreasing share of Moldovan and Jewish population segments and increase of the Russian. Transnistrians are able to travel (normally without difficulty) in and out of the territory under PMR control to neighbouring Moldovan-controlled territory, to Ukraine, and on to Russia, by road or (when service is not interrupted by political tensions) on two international trains, the year-round Moscow-Chiinu, and the seasonal Saratov-Varna. In 2020, the Transnistrian Customs reported exports of US$633.1million and imports of US$1,052.7million. dashboard S&P 500 Index Dashboard Browse Countries, Sectors, Industries, Stock Indices & Top Companies Countries / Sectors-Industries Indices Country / Territory AND / OR Moldova & The Dniestr Region: Contested Past, Frozen Present, Speculative Futures? However, the Moldovan/Ukrainian block remains in place and holds up progress in status settlement negotiations between the sides. At the census of 1989, the population was 679,000 (including all the localities in the security zone, even those under Moldovan control). [152], Coordinates: 4650N 2937E / 46.833N 29.617E / 46.833; 29.617. The main imports were non-precious metals, food products, and electricity. [85] EU and several other countries refused to recognise the referendum results. Home; Categories. Posted By: GeorgeEaton Date: Friday, 24-Feb-2023 01:40:38 . Elections in Transnistria are not recognised by international bodies such as the European Union, as well as numerous individual countries, who called them a source of increased tensions. [103] According to the Transnistrian authorities, on April 25 there was an attack on the premises of the Ministry for State Security and on the next day two transmitting antennas broadcasting Russian radio programs at Grigoriopol transmitter near the Ukrainian border were blown up. View 's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Amazon is headquartered in Seattle, WA, USA. One city (Bender) and six villages on the west bank are controlled by the PMR, but are considered by Moldova as a separate municipality (Bender and village of Proteagailovca) or part of the Cueni District (five villages in three communes). Transnistria has been recognised only by three other unrecognised or partially recognised breakaway states: Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia. Chitcani Monastery (Noul Neamt) 18 Religious Sites By TopToursMoldova THE VIEW FROM THE BELL TOWER IS AMAZING! Elections take place within a multi-party system. Post author: Post published: June 12, 2022 Post category: is kiefer sutherland married Post comments: add the comment and therapists to the selected text add the comment and therapists to the selected text In 1924, the Moldavian ASSR was proclaimed within the Ukrainian SSR; the ASSR included today's Transnistria (4,100km2, 1,600sqmi) and an area (4,200km2, 1,600sqmi) to the northeast around the city of Balta, but nothing from Bessarabia, which at the time formed part of Romania. The 1992 cease-fire agreement between Moldova and Transnistria established a Russian "peacekeeper" presence in Transnistria and a 1,200-member Russian military contingent is present in Transnistria. It is included in Forbes' list of America's Best Banks 2021 and the Just 100 Companies 2021 that features both private and public companies that practice responsible capitalism. Name Headquarters Assets Industry Net Income Nishat Group: Lahore: US$6 billion: Conglomerate: Fauji Foundation: . [90] During 20002001, although the CFE Treaty was not fully ratified, to comply with it, Moscow withdrew 125 pieces of Treaty Limited Equipment (TLE) and 60 railway wagons containing ammunition from the Transnistrian region of Moldova. [127] However, several years later, it decided to head toward a market economy. There are concerns that the remainder of these arms stockpiles could be used in a future. Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova.Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldovan-Ukrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank.Its capital and largest city is Tiraspol. Over the course of two days, 67 July 1949, a plan named "Operation South" saw the deportation of over 11,342 families by order of the Moldavian Minister of State Security, Iosif Mordovets. ", Cojocaru, Natalia. [96] On 21 May 2015, the Ukrainian parliament passed a law terminating five co-operation agreements with Russia. [75] The majority in the Parliament of Transnistria belongs to the Renewal movement that defeated the Republic party affiliated with Igor Smirnov in 2005 and performed even better in the 2010 and 2015 elections. Royal Dutch Shell Transnistria is subdivided into five districts (raions) and one municipality, the city of Tiraspol (which is entirely surrounded by but administratively distinct from Slobozia District), listed below from north to south (Russian names and transliterations are appended in parentheses). We're bringing the voice of Ukraine to the world. !" Moscow is concerned about the situation in Moldova's breakaway region of Transnistria and is closely monitoring developments there, the Kremlin said Monday. Largest European companies based on number of employees worldwide in 2020 (in 1,000s) Characteristic. Pages in category "Companies of Transnistria" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. [20] The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) included a paragraph about the removal of Russian troops from Moldova's territory and was introduced into the text of the OSCE Summit Declaration of Istanbul (1999) in which Russia had committed itself to pulling out its troops from Transnistria by the end of 2002. In addition, another municipality, the City of Bender, situated on the western bank of the Dniester, in Bessarabia, and geographically outside Transnistria, is not part of the territorial unit of Transnistria as defined by the Moldovan central authorities, but it is controlled by the PMR authorities, which consider it part of PMR's administrative organisation: Each of the districts is further divided into cities and communes. The OSCE mission spokesman Claus Neukirch spoke about this situation: "There is often talk about sale of armaments from Transnistria, but there is no convincing evidence. The political regime has been described as one of "super-presidentialism". The Supreme Council is a unicameral legislature. Transnistria, which is also known as the Prednestrovian Moldavian Republic, is under the leadership of President Vadim Krasnoselsky. junio 12, 2022. cottage for sale in timmins on . 56. [57], The 5+2 format (or 5+2 talks; composed by Transnistria, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and the OSCE, plus the United States and the EU as external observers) for negotiation was started in 2005 to deal with the problems, but without results for many years as it was suspended. On 21 October 1994, Russia and Moldova signed an agreement that committed Russia to the withdrawal of the troops in three years from the date of entry into force of the agreement;[88] this did not come into effect, however, because the Russian Duma did not ratify it. [55] Starting from 2 March 1992, there was concerted military action between Moldova and Transnistria. C Cuciurgan power station G Gazprombank (Transnistria) I Intercentre Lux Interdnestrcom K KVINT M Moldova Steel Works S Sheriff (company) T Tiraspoltransgas Tirotex [94][97], One point of access for Russian soldiers travelling to Transnistria remains Chiinu International Airport and the short overland journey from there to Tiraspol. For example, the percentage of Russians grew from 13.7% in 1926 to 25.5% in 1989 and further to 30.4% in 2004, while the Moldovan population decreased from 44.1% in 1926 to 39.9% in 1989 and 31.9% in 2004. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the MoldovanUkrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. They are situated north and south of the city of Dubsari, which itself is under PMR control. U.S. However, as recently as 2005, registration hurdles were met with by some religious groups, notably the Jehovah's Witnesses. D. espite challenges brought on by the pandemic, ongoing war and unpredictable markets, the world's largest public companies managed to boost sales and profits in the last year. The report also states that the same holds true for the production of such weapons, which is likely to have been carried out in the 1990s, primarily to equip Transnistrian forces. In 1941, after Axis forces invaded the Soviet Union during the Second World War, they defeated the Soviet troops in the region and occupied it. The urbanisation rate was 69.9%. 90% of the population of Transnistria are citizens of Transnistria. Oil & Gas Development Company: Islamabad: US$5.6 billion (2022) Petroleum: US$657 million: DG Cement: Lahore: Construction: US$21 million (2016) Nishat Mills . Between 1929 and 1940, Tiraspol functioned as the capital of the Moldavian ASSR, an autonomous republic that existed from 1924 to 1940 within the Ukrainian SSR. The rankings and market cap data of these companies are updated regularly. There is a regular mix of modern news media in Transnistria with a number of television stations, newspapers, and radio stations. [128] Transnistria's government budget for 2007 was US$246million, with an estimated deficit of about US$100million[129] that the government planned to cover with income from privatisations. Germans accounted for 1,400 or 0.3% and Poles for 1,000 or 0.2%. European . [114], Transnistria's government has supported the restoration and construction of new Orthodox churches. The short form is Pridnestrovie (Russian: , pronounced[pr.dn.stro.vju]; Romanian: Nistrenia, Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet: ,[38] pronounced[nis.tre.ni.ja]; Ukrainian: ', Prydnistrovia, pronounced[pr.dni.str.j]), meaning "[land] by the Dniester". The company was established in 1994 by Jeff Bezos. Moldova has since then exercised no effective control or influence on Transnistrian authorities. Pixabay/Public Domain. The OSCE also observed and verified the withdrawal of 48 trains with military equipment and ammunition in 2003. Transnistria's president Igor Smirnov has announced that Transnistria will not pay its gas debt because "Transnistria has no legal debt to Gazprom". Homosexuality was illegal, and gays and lesbians were subject to governmental and societal discrimination. Under OSCE auspices, on 8 May 1997, Moldovan President Petru Lucinschi and Transnistrian president Igor Smirnov, signed the "Memorandum on the principles of normalization of the relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria", also known as the "Primakov Memorandum", sustaining the establishment of legal and state relations, although the memorandum's provisions were interpreted differently by the governments of Moldova and Transnistria. The oldest alcohol producer KVINT, located in Tiraspol, produces and exports brandy, wines and vodka. ", Protsyk, Oleh. [93] On the other hand, Moldova believes that fewer than 500 soldiers are authorised pursuant to the ceasefire and, in 2015, began to arrest and deport Russian soldiers who are part of the excess forces and attempt to use Moldovan airports. Russian-occupied Transnistria announces three-month military training for men starting from March 1. On 4 March, Transnistria responded by blocking the Moldovan and Ukrainian transport at the borders of Transnistria. The company is the second-largest IT company in India and top 10 IT Companies after TCS by the revenue figures of 2021. One of the reasons for the creation of the Moldavian ASSR was the desire of the Soviet Union at the time to eventually incorporate Bessarabia. On 2 September 1990, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (PMSSR) was proclaimed as a Soviet republic by an ad hoc assembly, the Second Congress of the Peoples' Representatives of Transnistria, following a successful referendum. Jun [89] However, even after 2002, the Russian parliament did not ratify the Istanbul accords. In September 2007, the leader of the Pridnestrovie Communist Party, Oleg Khorzhan, was sentenced to a suspended sentence of 1 years' imprisonment for organising unsanctioned actions of protest.[84]. Bulgarians were the fourth largest ethnic group in Transnistria, albeit much less numerous than the three larger ethnicities. Despite a 30% tax increase in 2007, the pension fund is still lacking money and emergency measures must be taken. Navigate your way around among almost 700 daily updated top lists ranked by turnover, number of employees and profits, listed by location and industry. [141], According to a 2006 U.S. Department of State report:[142]. [citation needed]. The region can also be referred to in English as Trans-Dniester[30] or Transdniestria. The United States, the European Union, and the OSCE approved the Ukrainian move, while Russia saw it as a means of political pressure. In 2001, in one region it was reported that Igor Smirnov collected 103.6% of the votes. The opposition Narodovlastie party and Power to the People movement were outlawed at the beginning of 2000[80] and eventually dissolved. Total revenue of the company in 2019 (in millions of dollars): 71,154. It affirms that the republic has freedom of religion and states that 114 religious beliefs and congregations are officially registered. The major centre of Bulgarians in Transnistria is the large village of Parcani (situated between the cities of Tiraspol and Bender), which had an absolute Bulgarian majority and a total population of around 10,000. [130] The budget for 2008 is US$331million, with an estimated deficit of about US$80million. [145] These schools were later registered as private schools and reopened, which may have been accelerated by pressure from the European Union. [48], The nationalist Popular Front won the first free parliamentary elections in the Moldavian SSR in early 1990,[49] and its agenda started slowly to be implemented. The company owns almost everything in the region: petrol stations, supermarkets, a television channel, construction company, etc. hendrick motorsports hats; largest company in transnistria In February 2011, it was started again in Vienna. During 2002 and 2003 Russian military officials destroyed a further 51 armoured vehicles, all of which were types not limited by the CFE Treaty. In 2007, foreign experts working on behalf of the United Nations said that the historically low levels of transparency and continued denial of full investigations to international monitors have reinforced negative perceptions of the Transnistrian government, although recent co-operation by Transnistrian authorities may have reflected a shift in the attitude of Transnistria. This shift towards the EU market continued to grow in 2016.[138]. Transnistria and Russia termed the act an "economic blockade". Transnistria, in English, also referred to as Pridnestrovie, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, is a de facto state in Eastern Europe that is internationally recognised as part of Moldova. "Linkage and leverage effects on Moldova's Transnistria problem. ; 3 Rbnia () with two important bridges over the Dniester River, Rbnia has a scenic location, and is home to Transnistria's largest company, a steelworks "[144], Public education in the Romanian language (officially called Moldovan language in Transnistria) is done using the Soviet-originated Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet. According to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) the media climate in Transnistria is restrictive and the authorities continue a long-standing campaign to silence independent opposition voices and groups. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Transnistria wanted to return to a "Brezhnev-style planned economy". The capital city, which is also the largest, is Chiinu. PMR official statistics show that 91% of the Transnistrian population adhere to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with 4% adhering to Roman Catholicism. With a Gross Domestic Product of over 3.57 trillion Euros, the German economy was by far the largest in Europe in 2021. [137] In the early 2000s over 50% of the export went to the CIS, mainly to Russia, but also to Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova (which Transnistrian authorities consider foreign). [79] The PMR government said "the government of Moldova launched a campaign aimed at convincing international observers not to attend" an election held on 11 December 2005 but monitors from the Russian-led Commonwealth of Independent States election monitors ignored that and declared the ballot democratic. Romanian Nationalism in the Republic of Moldova, Kolsto, et al. Moldovans were the largest ethnic group, representing an overall majority in the two districts in the central Transnistria (Dubsari District, 50.2%, and Grigoriopol District, 64.8%) a 47.8% relative majority in the northern Camenca District, and a 41.5% relative majority in the southern (Slobozia District). dashboard NASDAQ Composite Index Dashboard Browse Countries, Sectors, Industries, Stock Indices & Top Companies . The Russian government denied the claims. Andrei Panici. [58][59], After the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in March 2014, the head of the Transnistrian parliament asked to join Russia.[60][61][62]. Of these, 439,243 lived in Transnistria itself, and 116,104 lived in localities controlled by the PMR government, but formally belonging to other districts of Moldova: the city of Bender (Tighina), the communes of Proteagailovca, Gsca, Chicani, Cremenciug, and the village of Roghi of commune Molovata Nou. The banking sector of Transnistria consists of 8 commercial banks, including Gazprombank. The village of Roghi of Molovata Nou Commune is also controlled by the PMR (Moldova controls the other nine of the 10 villages of the six communes). [39] The Romanian-administered territory, known as the Transnistria Governorate, with an area of 39,733km2 (15,341sqmi) and a population of 2.3 million inhabitants, was divided into 13 counties: Ananiev, Balta, Berzovca, Dubasari, Golta, Jugastru, Movilau, Oceacov, Odessa, Ovidiopol, Rbnia, Tiraspol, and Tulcin. One is Accenture: even though it is originally from the US and has a global headcount of more than 500,000, its headquarters is now located in Dublin, Ireland, making it an Ireland-based company. [15], On 14 April 2022, one of Ukraine's deputy defence ministers, Hanna Maliar, stated that Russia was massing its troops along the borders with Transnistria but the Transnistrian authorities denied it. Tense situations have periodically surfaced due to these territorial disputes, such as in 2005, when Transnistrian forces entered Vasilievca,[73] in 2006 around Varnia, and in 2007 in the Dubsari-Cocieri area, when a confrontation between Moldovan and Transnistrian forces occurred, though without any casualties. [133][134] In November 2007, the total debt of Transnistria's public sector was up to US$1.64billion. This led to the creation of various informal movements all over the country, and to a rise of nationalism within most Soviet republics. Apple Incorporation's ranking is the second most valuable company globally, following Saudi Aramco in Saudi Arabia, with a $2.332 Trillion. [115] In 2007, the US-based Christian Broadcasting Network denounced the persecution of Protestants in Transnistria. During World War II, the Soviet Union took parts of the Moldavian ASSR, which was dissolved, and of the Kingdom of Romania's Bessarabia to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940. Transnistria-Ukraine relations is the bilateral relationship between the Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (commonly known as Transnistria) . largest company in transnistria. The EU financed various projects in Abkhazia beginning in the late 1990s, and within a few years had become its largest donor. On Feb. 28, the so-called Ministry of Defense of unrecognized Transnistria announced a three-month military training campaign. Most Bulgarians in Transnistria are Bessarabian Bulgarians, descendants of expatriates who settled in Bessarabia in the 18th19th century. Only the proportion of Ukrainians remained reasonably stable 27.2% in 1926, 28.3% in 1989 and 28.8% in 2004. As part of the ceasefire agreement, a three-party (Russia, Moldova, Transnistria) Joint Control Commission supervises the security arrangements in the demilitarised zone, comprising 20 localities on both sides of the river. From an economic perspective, Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe. "Representation and democracy in Eurasia's unrecognized states: The case of Transnistria. As per the 2017 census, the country had a population of about 3.4 million people including that of Transnistria. that the Transnistrian authorities would try to sell these stocks internationally, and intense pressure was applied to have these removed by Russia. "[151], In 2010, Viktor Kryzhanivsky, Ukraine's special envoy on Transnistria, stated that there was no ongoing arms or drug trafficking through the Transnistrian section of the Ukrainian-Moldovan border at the time. [12][13][14] In March 2022, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted a resolution that defines the territory as under military occupation by Russia.[15]. BNS. According to the Transnistrian authorities, the name of the state is the "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic" (PMR) (Russian: , , Pridnestrvskaya Moldvskaya Respblika; Romanian: Republica Moldoveneasc Nistrean, RMN, Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet: , ; Ukrainian: , , Prydnistrvska Moldvska Respblika). Armenia News - NEWS.am. Only the partially recognised or unrecognised states of South Ossetia, Artsakh, and Abkhazia have recognised Transnistria as a sovereign entity after it declared independence from Moldova in 1990 with Tiraspol as its declared capital. [10] Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester (Romanian: Unitile Administrativ-Teritoriale din stnga Nistrului)[11] or as Stnga Nistrului ("Left Bank of the Dniester"). 05. On 22 March 2007 Gazprom sold Transnistria's gas debt to the Russian businessman Alisher Usmanov, who controls Moldova Steel Works, the largest enterprise in Transnistria. Tesla began 2022 as the world's fifth largest company by market cap and ended the year in 11th place after their CEO Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter. [citation needed], Andrei Stratan, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Moldova, stated in his speech during the 12th OSCE Ministerial Council Meeting in Sofia on 67 December 2004 that "The presence of Russian troops on the territory of the Republic of Moldova is against the political will of Moldovan constitutional authorities and defies the unanimously recognized international norms and principles, being qualified by Moldovan authorities as a foreign military occupation illegally deployed on the territory of the state". The first three are oriented toward exports, while Inter RAO UES delivers gas to Transniester and Moldova. On 19 July 2004, after it finally passed through parliament President Vladimir Putin signed the Law on the ratification of the CFE Treaty in Europe, which committed Russia to remove the heavy armaments limited by this Treaty. The most influential Transnistrian company is Sheriff. Misc. Following the 1991 Soviet coup d'tat attempt, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR declared its independence from the Soviet Union; on 5 November 1991 Transnistria abandoned its socialist ideology and was renamed "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic".[53]. Top 10 Biggest Banks In The World 2023. The security situation inside it is subject to the Joint Control Commission rulings. The similar-sized economies of the United Kingdom and France were the. The company faced a huge setback in 2012 along with other home building famous companies. [104] The Moldovan authorities called these events a provocation aimed at destabilising the situation in the region. - the largest telecommunications operator on the territory of Pridnestrovie, -the best cognacs, wine and drinks of Tiraspol; - production of cotton fabrics, knitwear and ready-made garments; - production of electric and heat energy by cogeneration plants; - the latest achievements and technologies in sturgeon breeding; In early 1988, PFM demanded that the Soviet authorities declare Moldovan the only state language, return to the use of the Latin alphabet, and recognise the shared ethnic identity of Moldovans and Romanians. In Bender (Tighina) and the other non-Transnistria localities under PMR control, ethnic Russians represented a 43.4% relative majority, followed by Moldovans at 26.2%, Ukrainians at 17.1%, Bulgarians at 2.9%, Gagauzians at 1.0%, Jews at 0.3%, Poles at 0.2%, Roma at 0.1%, and others at 7.8%. [147], In November 2005 Ion Iovcev, the principal of a Romanian-language school in Transnistria and active advocate for human rights as well as a critic of the Transnistrian leadership, received threatening calls that he attributed to his criticism of the separatist regime. Apart from that, the Operational Group of Russian Forces of around 1,000 soldiers and officers is stationed in the unrecognized republic to ensure the security of ammunition depots that store more .

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